Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 1650-1750

The Radical Enlightenment Was A Revolutionary Set Of Ideas Which Helped Lay The Foundations Of The Modern World On The Basis Of Equality, Democracy, Secular Values, And Universality. This Controversial And Original Study By The Internationally Renowned Cultural Historian Jonathan I. Israel Shows How Spinoza And His Thought Set The Intellectual Current Towards The Intellectual And Political Revolutions Of The Later Eighteenth Century. The 'radical Enlightenment' -- Radical Thought In The Early Enlightenment -- The 'crisis Of The European Mind' -- Government And Philosophy -- The Advent Of Cartesianism -- Cartesianism In Central Europe -- The New Philosophy Conquers Scandinavia And The Baltic -- France: Philosophy And Royal Absolutism -- Reaction In The Italian States -- Society, Institutions, Revolution -- Philosophy And The Social Hierarchy -- Shaftesbury, Radicati, Vauvenargues -- The Revolutionary Impulse -- Women, Philosophy, And Sexuality -- The Emancipation Of Women -- Conversational Freedom; Sexual Freedom -- Censorship And Culture -- French Royal Censorship -- Philosophy And Censorship In Central Europe -- Philosophy And Censorship In Southern Europe -- Freedom Of Thought, Expression, And Of The Press -- Libraries And Enlightenment -- The Universal Library -- The Crisis Of The Universities -- Shelving The Two Enlightenments -- Lexicons And Dictionnaires -- The Early Enlightenment In National Context -- The Learned Journals -- Changing Europe's Intellectual Culture -- The Journals And The Radical Enlightenment -- The Rise Of Philosophical Radicalism -- Spinoza -- Van Den Enden: Philosophy, Democracy, And Egalitarianism -- Democratic Republicanism -- Revolutionary Conspiracy -- Radicalism And The People: The Brothers Koerbagh -- The Theologian-philosopher, Johannes Koerbagh (1634-1672) -- The Bloemhof -- The Trial Of The Brothers Koerbagh -- Philosophy, The Interpreter Of Scripture -- Lodewijk Meyer (1629-1681) -- The Philosophia. Jonathan I. Israel. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [721]-777) And Index.