Penal Reform in Overcrowded Times

Introduction: Penal Policies At The Beginning Of The Twenty-first Century --^ 1. Penal Developments In America. The Punitiveness Story. The Sentencing Story. The Fragmentation Story. The United States. U.s. Sentencing Systems Fragmenting / Michael Tonry. The Status Of Sentencing Guidelines Reforms In The United States / Kevin R. Reitz. Political Preoccupation With Crime Leads, Not Follows, Public Opinion / Katherine Beckett. The Penal System As Labor Market Institution: Jobs And Jails, 1980-1995 / Katherine Beckett And Bruce Western. Why Are U.s. Incarceration Rates So High? / Michael Tonry. Early State Guidelines Systems. Washington State Sentencing Changes, 1994-1997 / Richard D. Van Wagenen. Ohio Guidelines Take Effect / Fritz Rauschenberg. Pennsylvania Revises Sentencing Guidelines / Cynthia Kempinen. North Carolina. North Carolina Prepares For Guidelines Sentencing / Ronald F. Wright. Sentencing Changes In North Carolina / Robin L. Lubitz. Flexibility In North Carolina Structured Sentencing, 1995-1997 / Ronald F. Wright --^ 2. Penal Development In Europe And Japan. Incarceration Rates Across The World / Andre Kuhn. Scandinavia. Penal Sanctions And The Use Of Imprisonment In Denmark / Britta Kyvsgaard. Sentencing Law, Policy, And Patterns In Sweden / Nils Jareborg. Norway Prison Use Up Slightly, Community Penalties Lots / Paul Larsson. Sentencing And Punishment In Finland / Patrik Tornudd. Recent Trends In Finnish Sentencing Policy / Tapio Lappi-seppala. Germany. Sentencing And Punishment In Germany / Hans-jorg Albrecht. France. French Prison Numbers Stable Since 1988, But Populations Changing / Annie Kensey And Pierre Tournier. Netherlands. Sentencing And Punishment In The Netherlands / Peter J.p. Tak. Prison Population Growing Faster In The Netherlands Than In The United States / Peter J.p. Tak And Anton M. Van Kalmthout. The Netherlands Adopts Numerical Prosecution Guidelines / Gerrit Schurer And Reinier Van Loon. New Sanctions Proliferating In The Netherlands / Anton M. Van Kalmthout And Peter J.p.^ Tak. Dutch Penal Policies Changing Direction / Josine Junger-tas. Switzerland. Sentencing In Switzerland In 2000 / Martin Killias, Marcelo F. Aebi And Andre Kuhn / [and Others]. Japan. Prison Population In Japan Stable For 30 Years / Koichi Hamai --^ 3. Penal Developments In English-speaking Countries. Australia. Sentencing And Punishment In Australia In The 1990s / Arie Freiberg. Prison Populations Up, Sentencing Policy Harsher In Australia / Arie Freiberg. Understanding Rising Prison Populations In Australia / Arie Freiberg. Canada. Reforming Sentencing And Parole In Canada / Julian V. Roberts. Imprisonment Rates In Canada: One Law, 10 Outcomes / Jane B. Sprott And Anthony N. Doob. England/wales. New Sentencing Laws Take Effect In England / Andrew Ashworth. English Penal Policies And Prisons: Going For Broke / Rod Morgan. English Believe Sentences Soft And Crime Rising / Michael Hough And Julian V. Roberts. Imprisonment In England And Wales: Flood Tide, But On The Turn? / Rod Morgan. English Sentencing: From Enlightenment To Darkness In A Decade / Andrew Ashworth. Ireland. Sentencing And Punishment In Ireland / Ian O'donnell. Edited By Michael Tonry. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 265-276).