Introduction to Philosophy: Classical and Contemporary Readings

The Nature And Value Of Philosophy -- The Value Of Philosophy / Bertrand Russell -- Reason And Religion -- God And Evil -- Why I Am Not A Theist / Bertrand Russell -- God, Evil And The Best Of All Possible Worlds / Gottfried Leibniz -- Must God Create The Best? / Robert Merrihew Adams -- The Ontological Argument / Saint Anselm -- The Existence Of God Proven / Saint Thomas Aquinas -- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion / David Hume -- Faith And Subjectivity -- The Wager / Blaise Pascal -- Pascal's Wager / James Cargile -- Against Objectivity In Religion / Søren Kierkegaard -- Kierkegaard's Arguments Against Objective Reasoning In Religion / Robert Merrihew Adams -- Evolution And Creation -- Evolution Or Creation? / Henry M. Morris -- The Case Against Creationism / Philip Kitcher -- How To Defend Society Against Science / Paul Feyerabend. Knowledge And Reality -- Classics Of Epistemology -- Meditations On First Philosophy / Rene Descartes -- Some Further Considerations Concerning Our Simple Ideas Of Sensation / John Locke -- Three Dialogues Between Hylas And Philonous / George Berkeley -- Of Scepticism With Regard To The Senses / David Hume -- An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding / David Hume -- Perception -- Sense-data And Common Sense / G.e. Moore -- Moore's Theory Of Sense-data / O.k. Bouwsma -- The Argument From Illusion / J.l. Austin. Induction, Causation, And Explanation -- The Problem Of Induction / W.c. Salmon -- Laws And Their Role In Scientific Explanation / Carl G. Hempel -- Critique Of Hume's Conception Of Causality / C.j. Ducasse -- Causality And Determination / B.e.m. Anscombe. Mind And Body -- The Traditional Problem Of Mind And Body -- Descarte's Myth / Gilbert Ryle -- The Argument From Analogy For Other Minds / Bertrand Russell -- Knowledge Of Other Minds / Norman Malcolm -- The Nature Of Mind / David M. Armstrong -- The Nature Of Mental States / Hilary Putnam -- Functionalism / Jerry Fodor -- What Is It Like To Be A Bat? / Thomas Nagel. Minds And Machines -- Computing Machinery And Intelligence / A.m. Turing -- Minds, Brains, And Programs / John R. Searle -- Personal Identity -- Of Identity And Diversity / John Locke -- Of Identity / Thomas Reid -- Of Personal Identity / David Hume -- The Self And The Future / Bernard Williams -- William's On The Self And Its Future / John Perry. Freedom And Determination -- Free Will Is A Myth / Baron D'holbach -- Has The Self Free Will? / C.a. Campbell -- Of Liberty And Necessity / David Hume -- Moral Luck / Thomas Nagel. Ethics -- Moral Perplexities -- .. A Defense Of Abortion / Judith Jarvis Thomson -- .. The Problem Of Abortion And The Doctrine Of The Double Effect / Philippa Foot -- .. Should The Numbers Count? / John M. Taurek -- .. Some Paradoxes Of Deterrence / Gregory Kavka -- Moral Theories -- .. Utilitarianism -- ... The Principle Of Utility / Jeremy Bentham -- ... Utilitarianism / John Stuart Mill -- ... Criticisms Of Utilitarianism / E.f. Carritt -- ... The Interpretation Of The Moral Philosophy Of J.s. Mill / J.o. Urmson -- ... Extreme And Restricted Utilitarianism / J.j.c. Smart -- ... Utilitarianism And Integrity / Bernard Williams -- ... Famine, Affluence And Morality / Peter Singer -- .. Kantian Ethics -- ... Groundwork Of The Metaphysic Of Morals / Immanuel Kant -- ... Kantian Approaches To Some Famine Problems / Onora O'neill -- ... War And Massacre / Thomas Nagel -- Aristotelian Ethics -- ... Nicomachean Ethics / Aristotle -- ... Aristotle's Doctrine Of The Mean / J.o. Urmson -- ... Aristotle Of Eudaimonia / Thomas Nagel -- .. Theories Of Justice -- ... A Theory Of Justice / John Rawls -- ... Justice And Entitlement / Robert Nozick -- ... Capitalism, Socialism And Justice / Kai Nielsen -- ... Reverse Discrimation / Ronald Dworkin. Challenges To Morality -- .. Morality And Self-interest -- ... The Republic / Plato -- ... An Enquiry Concerning The Principles Of Morals / David Hume -- ... Morality And Advantage / David Gauthier -- ... The Law Of The Jungle : Moral Alternatives And Principles Of Evolution / J.l. Mackie -- .. Subjectivism, Relativism, And Skepticism -- ... The Subjectivity Of Values / J.l. Mackie -- ... Outline Of A Decision Procedure For Ethics / John Rawls. Puzzles And Paradoxes -- Assorted Puzzles And Paradoxes -- .. Zeno's Paradoxes -- ... Achilles And The Tortoise -- ... The Racecourse -- ... The Argument Against Plurality -- .. Miscellaneous Puzzles And Paradoxes -- ... The Paradox Of Identity -- ... The Paradox Of The Heap -- ... The Surprise Examination -- ... The Prisoner's Dilemma -- .. Newcomb's Problem -- ... Goodman's New Riddle Of Induction -- Paradoxes Of Logic, Set Theory, And Semantics -- ... The Paradox Of The Liar -- ... Other Versions Of The Liar -- ... Russell's Paradox -- ... Grelling's Paradox -- .. Paradoxes And Antinomies -- ... The Ways Of Paradox / W.v. Quine. Edited By John Perry And Michael Bratman. Includes Bibliographies.