Improving Schools From The Bottom Up: From Effective Schools To Restructuring : Summary Volume

I. Introduction -- Federal Support For School-based Reform -- The National Study Of Effective Schools And School-based Reform -- Organization Of The Document -- Ii. Patterns And Portraits Of Reform -- Portraits Of Changing Schools -- Incidence Of School-based Reform -- Making Sense Of The Variety Of School-based Reforms -- Focus On Instruction -- Professional Culture Of The School -- Opportunities For Professional Growth -- Summing Up: Promising School-based Reform Efforts -- Iii. How Schools And Districts Create Conditions That Support School-based Reform -- Joint Actions By District And School -- Providing Strong Leadership For School-based Reform -- Influencing Who Is In The School -- Providing Professional Development Opportunities -- Building School Staff Support For Reform Goals -- Garnering Resources -- Assessing And Sharing Information About School Performance -- Developing Parental And Community Support -- Actions Taken Primarily By The District -- Setting And Waiving Requirements -- Managing Forces And Conditions Outside The School's Control -- Summing Up: The School And District Working Together -- Iv. State And Federal Support For School-based Reform -- Portraits Of State Support For School-based Reform -- What States Are Doing To Support School-based Reform -- Setting Goals For Student Learning -- Balancing Authority Relationships -- Providing Technical Assistance And Professional Development -- Financing Local Reforms -- Creating Appropriate Accountability Mechanisms -- Summing Up: The Emerging State Role In Supporting Reform -- Federal Support For School-based Reform -- Federal Mandates As Reasons For Initiating School-based Reform -- Federal Funds And Support For Reform -- Summing Up: The Evolving Federal Role -- References -- Exhibits -- 1. Building On The Effective Schools Model: South Mission High School -- 2. Changing A School From The Classroom Out: Cicely Elementary -- 3. Slow Going: The Beginning Of Change In Petersburg Elementary -- 4. Alternative Approaches To Assessment -- 5. Flattering The Hierarchy At An Inner-city High School -- 6. Teachers As In-house Experts -- 7. District Or School As Driving Force For Reform -- 8. Catalytic And Sustaining Leadership At The School Level -- 9. Knowledge Of The Change Process -- 10. California: Combining Challenging Curriculum And School Autonomy In Pursuit Of Reform -- 11. Washington: Promoting Local Ownership Of The Reform Process -- Figures -- 1. National Incidence Of School-based Reform, By District Size -- 2. Incidence Of School-based Reform According To Specific Criteria, By District Size -- 3. First Year Of School-based Reform Efforts -- 4. Extent To Which Reform Strategies Focus On Curriculum And Instruction -- 5. Areas In Which Districts Grant Increased Authority To Schools -- 6. Relative Responsibility Of State, District, And School Staff In Initiating And Coordinating School-based Reform -- 7. Authority Granted To Schools Over Staff Assignment And Hiring, By District Size -- 8. District Waivers For Schools Engaged In Reforms, By District Size -- 9. Types Of Waivers Granted Schools Engaged In Reform, By District Size -- 10. Sources Of Funding For School-based Reform -- 11. Reasons For Initiating State Support For School-based Reform. Prepared By Patrick M. Shields ... [et Al.] ; Prepared For U.s. Department Of Education, Office Of The Under Secretary, Planning And Evaluation Service. Shipping List No.: 95-0259-p. Sri Project Hsu-1609. Prepared Pursuant To Contract Number Lc90035001. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 49-50).