Origins Of Life On The Earth (concepts Of Modern Biology)

I. Introduction : General References To The Origin Of Life -- Ii. The Formation Of The Solar System : The Origin Of The Earth's Atmosphere -- Iii. Geological Evidence : The Geological Time Scale ; The Age Of The Earth ; The Age Of The Moon ; The Geological Periods -- Iv. The Composition Of The Primitive Atmosphere : The Present Oxidizing Atmosphere ; The Reducing Atmosphere In The Absence Of An Ocean ; The Escape Of Hydrogen From The Atmosphere ; The Primitive Atmosphere And Ocean And Their Interaction ; Evolution Of The Atmosphere ; Carbon Monoxide ; Nitrogen In The Primitive Atmosphere ; Oxygen In The Atmosphere -- V. Sources Of Energy -- Vi. Nature Of Biology : The Enzymes And Other Proteins ; Nucleic Acids ; Protein Synthesis ; Metabolism ; Membranes ; Mutation And Natural Selection -- Vii. Prebiotic Synthesis Of Amino Acids, Urea, Fatty Acids, Porphyrins, And Vitamins : The Synthesis Of Amino Acids ; The Strecker Synthesis ; Synthesis From Hydrogen Cyanide ; Other Amino Acid Syntheses ; Urea ; Synthesis From Hydrogen Cyanide, Fischer-tropsch Synthesis ; Fatty Acids ; Porphyrins ; Nicotinamide And Its Derivatives -- Viii. Prebiotic Synthesis Of Purines, Pyrimidines, And Nucleosides : Synthesis Of Purines ; Synthesis Of Pyrimidines ; Sugars ; Nucleoside Synthesis Ix. Stability Of Organic Compounds And The Temperature Of The Primitive Ocean : Amino Acids ; Fatty Acids ; Sugars ; Purines, Pyrimidines, And Nucleosides ; The Hydrolysis Of Polypeptides And Polynucleotides ; The Temperature Of The Primitive Ocean -- X. Concentration Mechanisms -- Xi. Dehydration Reactions And Polymerizations : Chemical Condensations ; Thermal Synthesis ; Thermal Synthesis Of Polypeptides ; Other Condensation Mechanisms ; Reactions Of The Aminoacyl Phosphates On Clays -- Xii. From Random Polymers To The Most Primitive Organism : Life Based On Proteins Alone ; Life Based On Nucleic Acids Without A Protein Code ; Template Synthesis ; Life Based On Nucleic Acids And Proteins ; The Evolution Of The Details Of The Genetic Code -- Xiii. Optical Activity -- Xiv. Biochemical Evolution : Primitive Organisms And Primitive Biochemistry ; A Model For Biochemical Evolution ; The Evolution Of Intermediary Metabolism -- Xv. Meteorites, Comets, Interstellar Molecules And Life On Other Planets : Meteorites ; Comets ; The Moon ; Molecules In Interstellar Space ; Life In Our Solar System ; Life On Mars ; Life Outside The Solar System -- Xvi. Summary And Outstanding Problems. [by] Stanley L. Miller [and] Leslie E. Orgel. Includes Bibliographical References.